Translation and cultural adaptation of the Children's Experiences of Dental Anxiety Measure (CEDAM) to Brazilian Portuguese / Tradução, adaptação cultural e análise das propriedades psicométricas da "Children's Experiences of Dental Anxiety Measure" para uso em crianças brasileiras

Objetivo: A escala Children's Experiences of Dental Anxiety Measure (CEDAM) foi originalmente desenvolvida em Inglês para avaliar importantes aspectos da ansiedade odontológica em crianças. Os objetivos do estudo foram traduzir e realizar a adaptação cultural da CEDAM para o Português Brasileiro. Material e Métodos: A CEDAM consiste de 14 itens, medidos por escala Likert de 3 pontos, que indica a intensidade da ansiedade odontológica. O questionário foi traduzido para o Português Brasileiro, retraduzido para o Inglês, revisado por um Comitê de Especialistas e pré-testado em 10 escolares de oito a doze anos. Resultados: O Comitê Revisor de Especialistas comparou as versões original, traduzida (T1, T2) e retraduzida (BT1, BT2) e recomendou algumas mudanças a fim de obter uma boa compreensão dos itens. No pré-teste, somente a questão 8 não foi compreendida por uma criança, isto é, a versão traduzida foi bem compreendida por mais de 85% dos participantes. Conclusão: A versão brasileira da CEDAM foi culturalmente adaptada para a população avaliada de crianças.(AU)

Objective: The Children's Experiences of Dental Anxiety Measure (CEDAM) was originally developed in English to assess important aspects of dental anxiety for children. The aims of the study were to translate and perform the cultural adaptation of the CEDAM to Brazilian Portuguese. Material and Methods: The CEDAM consists of 14 items, measured by a Likert scale of 3 points, that indicates the intensity of dental anxiety. The questionnaire was translated to Brazilian Portuguese, back-translated to English, reviewed by an Expert Committee and pretested in 10 eight- to twelve-year-old schoolchildren. Results: The Expert Committee Review compared the original, translated (T1, T2) and back-translated (BT1, BT2) versions and recommended some changes in order to achieve good understanding of the items. In the pretest, only question 8 was misunderstood by one child, i.e., the translated version was well-understood by more than 85% of the participants. Conclusion: The Brazilian CEDAM was culturally adapted for the evaluated population of children(AU)

Doxycycline-containing glass ionomer cement for arresting residual caries: an in vitro study and a pilot trial.

In a previous study, we demonstrated that the incorporation of doxycycline hyclate (DOX) into resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) inhibited important cariogenic microorganisms, without modifying its biological and mechanical characteristics. In this study, we keep focused on the effect of that experimental material as a potential therapy for arresting residual caries by analyzing other in vitro properties and conducting a pilot clinical trial assessing the in vivo effect of DOX-containing RMGIC on residual mutans streptococci after partial carious removal in primary molars. Specimens of the groups RMGIC (control); RMGIC + 1.5% DOX; RMGIC + 3% DOX; and RMGIC + 4.5% DOX were made to evaluate the effect of DOX incorporation on surface microhardness and fluoride release of RMGIC and against biofilm of Streptococcus mutans. Clinical intervention consisted of partial caries removal comparing RMGIC and RMGIC + 4.5% DOX as lining materials. After 3 months, clinical and microbiologic evaluations were performed. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey or Wilcoxon/Mann-Whitney set as α=0.05. Fluoride release and surface microhardness was not influenced by the incorporation of DOX (p>0.05). There was a significant reduction of S. mutans biofilm over the material surface with the increase of DOX concentration. After clinical trial, the remaining dentin was hard and dry. Additionally, mutans streptococci were completely eliminated after 3 months of treatment with RMGIC + 4.5% DOX. The incorporation of DOX provided better antibiofilm effect, without jeopardizing fluoride release and surface microhardness of RMGIC. This combination also improved the in vivo shortterm microbiological effect of RMGIC after partial caries removal.

Doxycycline-containing glass ionomer cement for arresting residual caries: an in vitro study and a pilot trial

Abstract In a previous study, we demonstrated that the incorporation of doxycycline hyclate (DOX) into resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) inhibited important cariogenic microorganisms, without modifying its biological and mechanical characteristics. In this study, we keep focused on the effect of that experimental material as a potential therapy for arresting residual caries by analyzing other in vitro properties and conducting a pilot clinical trial assessing the in vivo effect of DOX-containing RMGIC on residual mutans streptococci after partial carious removal in primary molars. Specimens of the groups RMGIC (control); RMGIC + 1.5% DOX; RMGIC + 3% DOX; and RMGIC + 4.5% DOX were made to evaluate the effect of DOX incorporation on surface microhardness and fluoride release of RMGIC and against biofilm of Streptococcus mutans. Clinical intervention consisted of partial caries removal comparing RMGIC and RMGIC + 4.5% DOX as lining materials. After 3 months, clinical and microbiologic evaluations were performed. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey or Wilcoxon/Mann-Whitney set as α=0.05. Fluoride release and surface microhardness was not influenced by the incorporation of DOX (p>0.05). There was a significant reduction of S. mutans biofilm over the material surface with the increase of DOX concentration. After clinical trial, the remaining dentin was hard and dry. Additionally, mutans streptococci were completely eliminated after 3 months of treatment with RMGIC + 4.5% DOX. The incorporation of DOX provided better antibiofilm effect, without jeopardizing fluoride release and surface microhardness of RMGIC. This combination also improved the in vivo shortterm microbiological effect of RMGIC after partial caries removal.

In vitro and in vivo evaluations of glass-ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment.

OBJECTIVES: Addition of chlorhexidine has enhanced the antimicrobial effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) indicated to Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART); however, the impact of this mixture on the properties of these materials and on the longevity of restorations must be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating chlorhexidine (CHX) in the in vitro biological and chemical-mechanical properties of GIC and in vivo clinical/ microbiological follow-up of the ART with GIC containing or not CHX. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For in vitro studies, groups were divided into GIC, GIC with 1.25% CHX, and GIC with 2.5% CHX. Antimicrobial activity of GIC was analyzed using agar diffusion and anti-biofilm assays. Cytotoxic effects, compressive tensile strength, microhardness and fluoride (F) release were also evaluated. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 36 children that received ART either with GIC or GIC with CHX. Saliva and biofilm were collected for mutans streptococci (MS) counts and the survival rate of restorations was checked after 7 days, 3 months and one year after ART. ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/ Mann-Whitney tests were performed for in vitro tests and in vivo microbiological analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank tests were applied to estimate survival percentages of restorations (p<0.05). RESULTS: Incorporation of 1.25% and 2.5% CHX improved the antimicrobial/anti-biofilm activity of GIC, without affecting F release and mechanical characteristics, but 2.5% CHX was cytotoxic. Survival rate of restorations using GIC with 1.25% CHX was similar to GIC. A significant reduction of MS levels was observed for KM+CHX group in children saliva and biofilm 7 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of 1.25% CHX increased the in vitro antimicrobial activity, without changing chemical-mechanical properties of GIC and odontoblast-like cell viability. This combination improved the in vivo short-term microbiological effect without affecting clinical performance of ART restorations.

In vitro and in vivo evaluations of glass-ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment

Abstract Objectives: Addition of chlorhexidine has enhanced the antimicrobial effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) indicated to Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART); however, the impact of this mixture on the properties of these materials and on the longevity of restorations must be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating chlorhexidine (CHX) in the in vitro biological and chemical-mechanical properties of GIC and in vivo clinical/ microbiological follow-up of the ART with GIC containing or not CHX. Material and Methods: For in vitro studies, groups were divided into GIC, GIC with 1.25% CHX, and GIC with 2.5% CHX. Antimicrobial activity of GIC was analyzed using agar diffusion and anti-biofilm assays. Cytotoxic effects, compressive tensile strength, microhardness and fluoride (F) release were also evaluated. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 36 children that received ART either with GIC or GIC with CHX. Saliva and biofilm were collected for mutans streptococci (MS) counts and the survival rate of restorations was checked after 7 days, 3 months and one year after ART. ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/ Mann-Whitney tests were performed for in vitro tests and in vivo microbiological analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank tests were applied to estimate survival percentages of restorations (p<0.05). Results: Incorporation of 1.25% and 2.5% CHX improved the antimicrobial/anti-biofilm activity of GIC, without affecting F release and mechanical characteristics, but 2.5% CHX was cytotoxic. Survival rate of restorations using GIC with 1.25% CHX was similar to GIC. A significant reduction of MS levels was observed for KM+CHX group in children saliva and biofilm 7 days after treatment. Conclusions: The incorporation of 1.25% CHX increased the in vitro antimicrobial activity, without changing chemical-mechanical properties of GIC and odontoblast-like cell viability. This combination improved the in vivo short-term microbiological effect without affecting clinical performance of ART restorations.

Protective effect of experimental mouthrinses containing NaF and TiF4 on dentin erosive loss in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study assessed the anti-erosive effect of experimental mouthrinses containing TiF4 and NaF on dentin erosive loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bovine dentin specimens were randomly allocated into the groups (n=15): (1) SnCl2/NaF/AmF (Erosion Protection/GABA, pH 4.5, positive control); (2) experimental solution with 0.0815% TiF4(pH 2.5); (3) 0.105% NaF (pH 4.5); 4) 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (pH 4.4); (5) 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (pH 4.5); (6) no treatment (negative control). Each specimen was cyclically demineralized (Sprite Zero, pH 2.6, 4x90 s/day) and exposed to artificial saliva between the erosive challenges for 7 days. The treatment with the fluoride solutions was done 2x60 s/day, immediately after the first and the last erosive challenges of the day. Dentin erosive loss was measured by profilometry (µm). The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis/Dunn tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: Mouthrinses containing TiF4or Sn/F were able to show some protective effect against dentin erosive loss compared to negative control. The best anti-erosive effect was found for experimental solution containing 0.0815% TiF4 (100% reduction in dentin loss), followed by 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (58.3%), SnCl2/NaF/AmF (52%) and 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (40%). NaF solution (13.3%) did not significantly differ from control. CONCLUSION: The daily application of experimental mouthrinse containing TiF4 and NaF has the ability to reduce dentin erosion, as well as Erosion Protection and TiF4 alone.

Protective effect of experimental mouthrinses containing NaF and TiF4 on dentin erosive loss in vitro

Objective This in vitro study assessed the anti-erosive effect of experimental mouthrinses containing TiF4 and NaF on dentin erosive loss.Material and Methods Bovine dentin specimens were randomly allocated into the groups (n=15): 1) SnCl2/NaF/AmF (Erosion Protection®/GABA, pH 4.5, positive control); 2) experimental solution with 0.0815% TiF4(pH 2.5); 3) 0.105% NaF (pH 4.5); 4) 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (pH 4.4); 5) 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (pH 4.5); 6) no treatment (negative control). Each specimen was cyclically demineralized (Sprite Zero, pH 2.6, 4x90 s/day) and exposed to artificial saliva between the erosive challenges for 7 days. The treatment with the fluoride solutions was done 2x60 s/day, immediately after the first and the last erosive challenges of the day. Dentin erosive loss was measured by profilometry (μm). The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis/Dunn tests (p<0.05).Results Mouthrinses containing TiF4or Sn/F were able to show some protective effect against dentin erosive loss compared to negative control. The best anti-erosive effect was found for experimental solution containing 0.0815% TiF4 (100% reduction in dentin loss), followed by 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (58.3%), SnCl2/NaF/AmF (52%) and 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (40%). NaF solution (13.3%) did not significantly differ from control.Conclusion The daily application of experimental mouthrinse containing TiF4and NaF has the ability to reduce dentin erosion, as well as Erosion Protection® and TiF4 alone.

Relação entre fatores socioeconômicos, clínicos e saúde bucal em escolares da zona rural: um estudo longitudinal / Relationship among socioeconomic and clinical factors with oral health, in schoolchildren from rural areas: a longitudinal study

Objetivos: Este estudo longitudinal avaliou: a) o impacto de ações bimestrais de atenção básica em saúde bucal no incremento da cárie e mancha branca em uma população rural; b) associações entre variáveis sociais, econômicas e cárie e mancha branca. Materiais e método: exames (baseline, após 6 e 12 meses) e ações educativas e preventivas bimestral (baseline, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 meses) foram realizados em 161 crianças. A análise univariada (Qui-Quadrado) utilizou CPOD, ceod e mancha branca como variáveis de desfecho (p<0,05). Resultados: a mancha branca estava presente em 42,82%, 33,33% e 28,03% das crianças no baseline, após 6 e 12 meses, respectivamente. No baseline, houve associação significativa entre grau de escolaridade da mãe (p=0,0040) e número de pessoas na família (p=0,0068), para os desfechos CPOD e ceod, respectivamente. Após seis meses, houve associação entre CPOD e grau de escolaridade da mãe (p=0,0059), ceod e número de pessoas na família (p=0,0173) e grau de escolaridade do pai (p=0,0412), além de associação entre mancha branca e água ingerida (p=0,0350). Após doze meses, apenas o grau de escolaridade da mãe (p=0,0049) foi estatisticamente associado ao CPOD. Conclusão: apesar da alta experiência de cárie, houve diminuição substancial das manchas brancas após implementaçãodo programa preventivo.

Influence of family environment on children's oral health: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To review current models and scientific evidence on the influence of parents' oral health behaviors on their children's dental caries. SOURCES: MEDLINE articles published between 1980 and June, 2012. Original research articles on parents' oral health behavior were reviewed. A total of 218 citations were retrieved, and 13 articles were included in the analysis. The studies were eligible for review if they matched the following inclusion criteria: (1) they evaluated a possible association between dental caries and parents' oral-health-related behaviors, and (2) the study methodology included oral clinical examination. The main search terms were "oral health", "parental attitudes", "parental knowledge", and "dental caries". SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: : 13 experimental studies contributed data to the synthesis. Original articles, reviews, and chapters in textbooks were also considered. CONCLUSION: Parents' dental health habits influence their children's oral health. Oral health education programs aimed at preventive actions are needed to provide children not only with adequate oral health, but better quality of life. Special attention should be given to the entire family, concerning their lifestyle and oral health habits.

Influência do ambiente familiar sobre a saúde bucal de crianças: uma revisão sistemática / Influence of family environment on children's oral health: a systematic review

OBJETIVO: Envolver modelos atuais e comprovações científicas sobre a influência de comportamentos de saúde bucal dos pais na cárie dentária de suas crianças. FONTES: Artigos do MEDLINE publicados entre 1980 e junho de 2012. Foram analisados artigos de pesquisa originais tratando do comportamento dos pais quanto à saúde bucal. Um total de 218 citações foi analisado e 13 artigos foram incluídos na análise. Os estudos foram considerados elegíveis para análise se atendessem aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: (1) avaliassem uma possível associação entre cáries dentárias e o comportamento dos pais relacionado à saúde bucal; e (2) se a metodologia do estudo incluísse exame clínico bucal. Os principais termos de pesquisa foram "saúde bucal", "atitudes dos pais", "conhecimento dos pais" e "cáries dentárias". RESUMO DOS ACHADOS: Ao todo, 13 estudos experimentais contribuíram com dados para a síntese. Também foram considerados trabalhos, revisões e capítulos originais em livros didáticos. CONCLUSÃO: Os hábitos de saúde dental dos pais influenciam a saúde bucal de seus filhos. São necessários programas de educação em saúde bucal com ações preventivas para proporcionar não apenas saúde bucal adequada às crianças, mas também uma melhor qualidade de vida. Deve ser dada atenção especial a toda a família, com relação a seu estilo de vida e hábitos relacionados à saúde bucal.

OBJECTIVE: To review current models and scientific evidence on the influence of parents' oral health behaviors on their children's dental caries. SOURCES: MEDLINE articles published between 1980 and June, 2012. Original research articles on parents' oral health behavior were reviewed. A total of 218 citations were retrieved, and 13 articles were included in the analysis. The studies were eligible for review if they matched the following inclusion criteria: (1) they evaluated a possible association between dental caries and parents' oral-health-related behaviors, and (2) the study methodology included oral clinical examination. The main search terms were "oral health", "parental attitudes", "parental knowledge", and "dental caries". SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: 13 experimental studies contributed data to the synthesis. Original articles, reviews, and chapters in textbooks were also considered. CONCLUSIONS: Parents' dental health habits influence their children's oral health. Oral health education programs aimed at preventive actions are needed to provide children not only with adequate oral health, but better quality of life. Special attention should be given to the entire family, concerning their lifestyle and oral health habits.

[Evaluation of the incidence of dental caries in patients with Down syndrome after their insertion in a preventive program]. / Avaliação da incidência de cárie em pacientes com síndrome de Down após sua inserção em um programa preventivo.

The objective of this work was to verify the incidence of dental caries by means of the CPO-D, CPO-S, ceo-d and ceo-s indexes in patients with Down syndrome regularly enrolled in a preventive program. Twenty four Down syndrome patients of both sexes age range of one to 48 years were examined. The prevalence (initial experimental situation) and incidence (final experimental situation) of dental caries were verified using of the initial and final CPO-D, CPO-S, ceo-d and ceo-s indexes of the participants. From 24 individual examined, 10 (42.0%) were free of caries. The prevalence of dental caries showed values of CPO-D= 2.33; CPO-S= 3.60; ceo-d= 1.75 e ceo-s= 2.80; while the incidence of caries showed values of 2.33; 3.80; 1.10 e 1.90, respectively. Down syndrome individuals evaluated in this study presented low level of caries and small incidence of new lesions, emphasizing the importance of the maintenance of these patients at preventive programs.

Avaliação da incidência de cárie em pacientes com síndrome de Down após sua inserção em um programa preventivo / Evaluation of the incidence of dental caries in patients with Down syndrome after their insertion in a preventive program

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a incidência de cárie dentária por meio dos índices CPO-D, CPO-S, ceo-d e ceo-s em indivíduos com síndrome de Down regularmente matriculados em um programa preventivo. Foram examinados 24 indivíduos com síndrome de Down de ambos os sexos, com idade entre um e 48 anos. A prevalência (situação experimental inicial) e a incidência (situação experimental final) de cárie dentária foram verificadas utilizando-se os índices CPO-D, CPO-S, ceo-d e ceo-s iniciais e finais dos participantes. Dos 24 indivíduos examinados, dez (42,0 por cento) eram livres de cárie. A prevalência de cárie dentária mostrou valores de CPO-D= 2,33; CPO-S= 3,60; ceo-d= 1,75 e ceo-s= 2,80; enquanto a incidência de cárie apresentou valores de 2,33; 3,80; 1,10 e 1,90, respectivamente. Os indivíduos com síndrome de Down avaliados neste estudo apresentaram baixos índices de cárie e pequena incidência de novas lesões, enfatizando a importância da manutenção desses pacientes em programas preventivos.

The objective of this work was to verify the incidence of dental caries by means of the CPO-D, CPO-S, ceo-d and ceo-s indexes in patients with Down syndrome regularly enrolled in a preventive program. Twenty four Down syndrome patients of both sexes age range of one to 48 years were examined. The prevalence (initial experimental situation) and incidence (final experimental situation) of dental caries were verified using of the initial and final CPO-D, CPO-S, ceo-d and ceo-s indexes of the participants. From 24 individual examined, 10 (42.0 percent) were free of caries. The prevalence of dental caries showed values of CPO-D= 2.33; CPO-S= 3.60; ceo-d= 1.75 e ceo-s= 2.80; while the incidence of caries showed values of 2.33; 3.80; 1.10 e 1.90, respectively. Down syndrome individuals evaluated in this study presented low level of caries and small incidence of new lesions, emphasizing the importance of the maintenance of these patients at preventive programs.

Qualidade de vida e saúde bucal em crianças e adolescentes: aspectos conceituais e metodológicos / Quality of life and oral health in children and adolescents: conceptual and methodological aspects

O interesse pela qualidade de vida e saúde bucal em crianças e adolescentes vem aumentando, já que as desordens orais provavelmente apresentam efeito negativo na qualidade de vida das mesmas. Neste sentido, questionários que visam a avaliar o impacto da saúde bucal no bem-estar têm sido desenvolvidos e adaptados para este grupo específico. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a relação entre qualidade de vida e saúde bucal em crianças e adolescentes, focalizando aspectos conceituais e metodológicos. Os instrumentos desenvolvidos para avaliar a qualidade de vida e saúde bucal em crianças e adolescentes são: o Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ), para crianças de 8-10 (CPQ8-10) e 11-14 anos (CPQ11-14); o Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances, para a idade de 11-12 anos; o Child Oral Health Impact Profile, para crianças de 8-14 anos, e o Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale para a faixa etária de 2-5 anos. Apesar dos progressos nessa área, ainda existem muitas questões a serem debatidas e respondidas, como a necessidade de questionários específicos para diferentes idades, a participação dos responsáveis como respondentes secundários e a avaliação do impacto da saúde bucal da criança e do adolescente na família.

There has been increasing interest in the oral health-related quality of life of children and adolescents, since pediatric oral disorders are likely to have a negative effect on children's quality of life. So the questionnaires that aim to assess the impact of oral health on child' and adolescent' quality of life has been developed or adapted to this specific group. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between the quality of life and oral health in children and adolescents, focalizing conceptual and methodological aspects. The instruments developed to assess oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents are: the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ), for children aged 8-10 (CPQ8-10) and 11-14 (CPQ11-14), the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances, for children aged 11-12, the Child Oral Health Impact Profile, for children aged 8-14, and the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale for children aged 2-5. Although progress was observed in this area, there are still many issues to be discussed and answered, as the need for specific questionnaires for different ages, the participation of respondents as secondary and evaluation of the impact of child' and adolescent' oral health in the family.

Anomalias dentárias em crianças com fissura de lábio e palato / Dental anomalies in a child with cleft lip and palate

As anomalias dentárias são comuns em indivíduos com fissura de lábio e palato, como as anomalias de número, tamanho, morfologia, época de formação e erupção, podendo afetar tanto a dentição decídua quanto a permanente. O Diagnóstico destas alterações é importante tanto para a orientação do paciente/responsável como também para o estebelecimento do plano de tratamento odontológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever um caso clínico de um paciente com fissura de lábio e palato, que apresenta diferentes anomalias dentárias.

Dental anomalies are common in individuals with cleft lip and palate such as anomalies of number, size, morphology, development, and eruption, affecting both deciduous and permanent dentition. The diagnosis of these alterations is important not only for knowledge of the patient/responsible but also for the establishment of the dental treatment planning. The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of a patient with cleft lip and palate that presents different dental anomalies.

Indicadores químicos e biológicos da eficácia de esterilização por autoclave ou estufa / Chemical and biological indicators of the efficacy of sterilization by wet or dry heat

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da esterilização de autoclaves e estufas em clínicas odontológicas usando indicadores químicos e biológicos. Metodologia: Foram analisados 51 aparelhos de autoclave ou estufa, utilizando-se indicadores químicos internos (fita ComplyTM, 3M), externos (fita adesiva 1222, 3M) e biológicos (Attest 1262, 3M) para autoclaves, e indicadores químicos internos (fita ComplyTM 00311, 3M) e externos (fita Indair 1226, 3M) para estufas. Os diferentes testes para determinar a eficiência das autoclaves ou estufas foram realizados todos ao mesmo tempo em cada aparelho, com os indicadores posicionados no centro dos equipamentos. Resultados: Um total de 37 dentistas (72,5%) fazia uso de autoclaves no consultório e 14 (27,4%) utilizavam estufas. Em autoclaves, os indicadores químicos externos demonstraram sucesso da esterilização em todos os aparelhos avaliados, sendo que os indicadores químicos internos apresentaram 94,5% de sucesso e os biológicos, 97,2%. Em estufas, houve sucesso de indicadores químicos externos em todos os aparelhos testados, sendo que os indicadores químicos internos obtiveram apenas 78,5% de eficiência. Conclusão: A esterilização em autoclaves e estufas é eficaz; contudo, diferentes indicadores devem ser utilizados simultaneamente para certificar o sucesso do processo de esterilização.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of sterilization by wet or dry heat in dental offices using chemical and biological indicators. Methods: Fifty-one sterilizers were analyzed using an internal (ComplyTM tape, 3M) and an external chemical indicator (adhesive tape 1222, 3M) and a biological indicator (Attest 1262, 3M) for wet heat, and an internal (ComplyTM 00311 tape, 3M) and an external chemical indicator (Indair 1226 tape, 3M) for dry heat. Different indicators (centrally positioned) were used at the same time in each device. Results: Thirty-seven (72.5%) dentists used wet heat sterilization systems in their dental offices and 14 (27.4%) used dry heat sterilizers. External chemical indicators for wet heat systems were successful, but internal chemical indicators and biological indicators had 94.5% and 97.2% of success, respectively. In addition, external chemical indicators were satisfactory concerning all dry heat devices, but internal chemical indicators had only 78.5% of efficiency. Conclusion: Wet heat and dry heat are reliable sterilization systems; notwithstanding, different indicators should be simultaneously used to certify that sterilization has been successfully carried out.

Influência da sacarose, lactose e glicose + frutose no potencial cariogênico de S. mutans: estudo in situ e in vitro / Influence of sucrose, lactose and glucose + fructose on the cariogenic potential of S. mutans: an in situ and in vitro study

Objetivo: Este estudo determinou o efeito in situ de sacarose, lactose e glicose+frutose na colonização do esmalte por S. mutans e seu potencial cariogênico in vitro. Metodologia: Doze voluntários participaram da etapa in situ, tipo duplo-cego, cruzada, em quatro etapas de 48 horas. Dispositivos palatinos contendo três blocos de esmalte bovino receberam uma gota de substrato 4 vezes/dia. O biofilme formado foi inoculado em meio de cultura Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracina (MSB) para determinação do número de colônias (UFC). No experimento in vitro, os açúcares e S. mutans foram adicionados ao meio Brain-Heart-Infusion; o pH foi aferido após 6, 12, 24, 48 horas; o peso úmido do biofilme foi determinado e inoculado em MSB. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na colonização pelos microorganismos no modelo in situ. No estudo in vitro, os meios contendo sacarose e lactose apresentaram maior número de colônias e de peso úmido de biofilme que glicose+frutose (P<0,05). O pH reduzido do meio foi mantido por maior período de tempo na presença de sacarose (48h/pH=4,4). Conclusão: Embora não tenha havido diferença de colonização por S. mutans frente à sacarose e lactose neste delineamento in situ, o estudo in vitro mostrou potencial cariogênico distinto das soluções testadas.

Purpose: This study evaluated the in situ effect of sucrose, lactose, and glucose+fructose on dental enamel colonization by S. mutans and its in vitro cariogenic potential. Methods: Twelve volunteers participated in a crossover double-blind in situ study, comprising four 48-hour stages. Acrylic resin appliances with three bovine enamel blocks received a drop of experimental solution 4 times/day. The biofilm formed was inoculated in Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin (MSB) culture to determine the number of colonies (CFU). In the in vitro experiment, the solutions and S. mutans were added to the Brain-Heart-Infusion medium; the pH was measured after 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours; the biofilm-wet weight was determined and inoculated in MSB. Results: There was no in situ effect of any solution on S. mutans colonization. The in vitro results showed that sucrose and lactose yielded larger number of colonies and biofilm wet-weight than glucose+fructose solution (P<0.05); sucrose samples sustained reduced pH values for a longer period of time (48 hours/pH=4.4). Conclusion: Although there was no difference of S. mutans colonization under sucrose and lactose challenge in situ, the study vitro showed different cariogenic potential of the tested solutions.

Caries prevalence, level of mutans streptococci, salivary flow rate, and buffering capacity in subjects with Down syndrome

The aim of this study was to correlate caries experience and physiological and microbiological profiles. The study group comprised 60 individuals with Down syndrome, both genders, aged from one to 48 years. The prevalence of caries was analyzed by DMFT/DMFS and dmft/dmfs indexes. Physiological factors such as flow rate, and buffer capacity and microbiological factor such as mutans streptococci counts were observed. The average DMFT and DMFS were,respectively, 4.53 and 6.85, whereas the mean dmft and dmfs values were 1.55 and 2.55, respectively. Ninety-four percent of 18 individuals that saliva was possible to collected presented low flow rate and only 6% of them had normal flow rate; 44% percent had low buffer capacity, 39% had limited buffer capacity and 16% had normal buffer capacity. Sixty percent of individuals had high values of CFU/mL (>1.000.000 S. mutans); while 40% presented low values of microorganisms (<100.000 S. mutans). Data of clinical, physiological and microbiological characterization were statistically analyzed throughPearson's correlation and Chi-square test. A p-value dö 0.05 was considered significant. DMFT/DMTS and dmft/dmfs indexes increased with age. Pearson's correlation showed significant values to DMFT/DMFS x age (r= 0.80 and r= 0.82; p< 0.01). Flow rate and buffering capacity were low. Individuals had high mutans streptococci counts (CFU/mL). DMFT/DMFS did not present significant correlation with flow rate, buffering capacity and mutans streptococcicounts and no association with gender. The prevalence of dental caries increased with age at individuals with Down syndrome. As caries is amultifactor disease, other factors, which were not evaluated in the present study, such as diet, host and oral hygiene might be influencing the development of dental caries in these individuals.

Incontinentia pigmenti en una niña brasileña / Incontinentia pigmenti in a Brazilian girl

La Incontinentia Pigmenti es una condición rara, que afecta órganos y tejidos de origen ectodérmico y mesodérmico, asociado al cromosoma X dominante. Se manifiesta en el nacimiento o más tarde, con lesiones eritematosas en la piel. Puede afectar también pelo, uñas, ojos, sistema nervioso central y dientes. Las manifestaciones dentarias presentes se parecen a aquellas encontradas en la displasia ectodérmica y en la sífilis congénita: hipodoncia, microdoncia, retraso de la dentición, malformaciones y dientes impactados. Las alteraciones dentarias que se presentan en tal caso son típicas y comprenden agenesias, dientes conoides y disturbios en la erupción

Anodontia parcial congênita em paciente com fissura labiopalatal: relato de caso clínico / Congenital partial anodontia in cleft lip and palate patient: case report

A anodontia congênita pode ser total, quase sempre, associada à Sindrome da Displasia Ectodérmica, ou parcial, acarrentando, em ambos os casos, comprometimento estético e funcional ao paciente. Frequentemente, acomete a dentição permanente e apresenta-se como uma característica rara na dentição decídua. A etiologia da agenesia é atribuída a fatores predominantemente genéticos, mas alguns casos estão relacionados a alterações locais, como trauma ou irradiação, sendo possível a manifestação uni ou bilateral. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de paciente com fissura labiopalatina com anodontia parcial na dentição decídua, provavelmente de etiologia genética.